diff --git a/backend/src/db/manual-migrations/partition-audit-logs.ts b/backend/src/db/manual-migrations/partition-audit-logs.ts
index 382ef0dbf..fbead3a24 100644
--- a/backend/src/db/manual-migrations/partition-audit-logs.ts
+++ b/backend/src/db/manual-migrations/partition-audit-logs.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ const createAuditLogPartition = async (knex: Knex, startDate: Date, endDate: Dat
   const startDateStr = formatPartitionDate(startDate);
   const endDateStr = formatPartitionDate(endDate);
 
-  const partitionName = `${TableName.AuditLog}_${startDateStr.replace(/-/g, "")}_${endDateStr.replace(/-/g, "")}`;
+  const partitionName = `${TableName.AuditLog}_${startDateStr.replaceAll("-", "")}_${endDateStr.replaceAll("-", "")}`;
 
   await knex.schema.raw(
     `CREATE TABLE ${partitionName} PARTITION OF ${TableName.AuditLog} FOR VALUES FROM ('${startDateStr}') TO ('${endDateStr}')`
diff --git a/backend/src/ee/routes/est/certificate-est-router.ts b/backend/src/ee/routes/est/certificate-est-router.ts
index 7f401216e..e67d037ea 100644
--- a/backend/src/ee/routes/est/certificate-est-router.ts
+++ b/backend/src/ee/routes/est/certificate-est-router.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ export const registerCertificateEstRouter = async (server: FastifyZodProvider) =
       // for CSRs sent in PEM, we leave them as is
       // for CSRs sent in base64, we preprocess them to remove new lines and spaces
       if (!csrBody.includes("BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST")) {
-        csrBody = csrBody.replace(/\n/g, "").replace(/ /g, "");
+        csrBody = csrBody.replaceAll("\n", "").replaceAll(" ", "");
       }
 
       done(null, csrBody);
diff --git a/backend/src/ee/routes/v1/ldap-router.ts b/backend/src/ee/routes/v1/ldap-router.ts
index 2057677cf..5f80ad02b 100644
--- a/backend/src/ee/routes/v1/ldap-router.ts
+++ b/backend/src/ee/routes/v1/ldap-router.ts
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ export const registerLdapRouter = async (server: FastifyZodProvider) => {
           if (ldapConfig.groupSearchBase) {
             const groupFilter = "(|(memberUid={{.Username}})(member={{.UserDN}})(uniqueMember={{.UserDN}}))";
             const groupSearchFilter = (ldapConfig.groupSearchFilter || groupFilter)
-              .replace(/{{\.Username}}/g, user.uid)
-              .replace(/{{\.UserDN}}/g, user.dn);
+              .replaceAll("{{.Username}}", user.uid)
+              .replaceAll("{{.UserDN}}", user.dn);
 
             if (!isValidLdapFilter(groupSearchFilter)) {
               throw new Error("Generated LDAP search filter is invalid.");
diff --git a/backend/src/ee/services/audit-log-stream/audit-log-stream-service.ts b/backend/src/ee/services/audit-log-stream/audit-log-stream-service.ts
index ab5e0ee5a..c5a562a18 100644
--- a/backend/src/ee/services/audit-log-stream/audit-log-stream-service.ts
+++ b/backend/src/ee/services/audit-log-stream/audit-log-stream-service.ts
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ export const auditLogStreamServiceFactory = ({
   }: TCreateAuditLogStreamDTO) => {
     if (!actorOrgId) throw new UnauthorizedError({ message: "No organization ID attached to authentication token" });
 
-    const appCfg = getConfig();
     const plan = await licenseService.getPlan(actorOrgId);
     if (!plan.auditLogStreams) {
       throw new BadRequestError({
@@ -62,9 +61,8 @@ export const auditLogStreamServiceFactory = ({
     );
     ForbiddenError.from(permission).throwUnlessCan(OrgPermissionActions.Create, OrgPermissionSubjects.Settings);
 
-    if (appCfg.isCloud) {
-      blockLocalAndPrivateIpAddresses(url);
-    }
+    const appCfg = getConfig();
+    if (appCfg.isCloud) await blockLocalAndPrivateIpAddresses(url);
 
     const totalStreams = await auditLogStreamDAL.find({ orgId: actorOrgId });
     if (totalStreams.length >= plan.auditLogStreamLimit) {
@@ -135,9 +133,8 @@ export const auditLogStreamServiceFactory = ({
     const { orgId } = logStream;
     const { permission } = await permissionService.getOrgPermission(actor, actorId, orgId, actorAuthMethod, actorOrgId);
     ForbiddenError.from(permission).throwUnlessCan(OrgPermissionActions.Edit, OrgPermissionSubjects.Settings);
-
     const appCfg = getConfig();
-    if (url && appCfg.isCloud) blockLocalAndPrivateIpAddresses(url);
+    if (url && appCfg.isCloud) await blockLocalAndPrivateIpAddresses(url);
 
     // testing connection first
     const streamHeaders: RawAxiosRequestHeaders = { "Content-Type": "application/json" };
diff --git a/backend/src/ee/services/certificate-est/certificate-est-service.ts b/backend/src/ee/services/certificate-est/certificate-est-service.ts
index 5790c8d5a..627cc58c6 100644
--- a/backend/src/ee/services/certificate-est/certificate-est-service.ts
+++ b/backend/src/ee/services/certificate-est/certificate-est-service.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import * as x509 from "@peculiar/x509";
 
+import { extractX509CertFromChain } from "@app/lib/certificates/extract-certificate";
 import { BadRequestError, NotFoundError, UnauthorizedError } from "@app/lib/errors";
 import { isCertChainValid } from "@app/services/certificate/certificate-fns";
 import { TCertificateAuthorityCertDALFactory } from "@app/services/certificate-authority/certificate-authority-cert-dal";
@@ -67,9 +68,7 @@ export const certificateEstServiceFactory = ({
 
     const certTemplate = await certificateTemplateDAL.findById(certificateTemplateId);
 
-    const leafCertificate = decodeURIComponent(sslClientCert).match(
-      /-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----[\s\S]+?-----END CERTIFICATE-----/g
-    )?.[0];
+    const leafCertificate = extractX509CertFromChain(decodeURIComponent(sslClientCert))?.[0];
 
     if (!leafCertificate) {
       throw new UnauthorizedError({ message: "Missing client certificate" });
@@ -88,10 +87,7 @@ export const certificateEstServiceFactory = ({
     const verifiedChains = await Promise.all(
       caCertChains.map((chain) => {
         const caCert = new x509.X509Certificate(chain.certificate);
-        const caChain =
-          chain.certificateChain
-            .match(/-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----[\s\S]+?-----END CERTIFICATE-----/g)
-            ?.map((c) => new x509.X509Certificate(c)) || [];
+        const caChain = extractX509CertFromChain(chain.certificateChain)?.map((c) => new x509.X509Certificate(c)) || [];
 
         return isCertChainValid([cert, caCert, ...caChain]);
       })
@@ -172,19 +168,15 @@ export const certificateEstServiceFactory = ({
     }
 
     if (!estConfig.disableBootstrapCertValidation) {
-      const caCerts = estConfig.caChain
-        .match(/-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----[\s\S]+?-----END CERTIFICATE-----/g)
-        ?.map((cert) => {
-          return new x509.X509Certificate(cert);
-        });
+      const caCerts = extractX509CertFromChain(estConfig.caChain)?.map((cert) => {
+        return new x509.X509Certificate(cert);
+      });
 
       if (!caCerts) {
         throw new BadRequestError({ message: "Failed to parse certificate chain" });
       }
 
-      const leafCertificate = decodeURIComponent(sslClientCert).match(
-        /-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----[\s\S]+?-----END CERTIFICATE-----/g
-      )?.[0];
+      const leafCertificate = extractX509CertFromChain(decodeURIComponent(sslClientCert))?.[0];
 
       if (!leafCertificate) {
         throw new BadRequestError({ message: "Missing client certificate" });
@@ -250,13 +242,7 @@ export const certificateEstServiceFactory = ({
       kmsService
     });
 
-    const certificates = caCertChain
-      .match(/-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----[\s\S]+?-----END CERTIFICATE-----/g)
-      ?.map((cert) => new x509.X509Certificate(cert));
-
-    if (!certificates) {
-      throw new BadRequestError({ message: "Failed to parse certificate chain" });
-    }
+    const certificates = extractX509CertFromChain(caCertChain).map((cert) => new x509.X509Certificate(cert));
 
     const caCertificate = new x509.X509Certificate(caCert);
     return convertRawCertsToPkcs7([caCertificate.rawData, ...certificates.map((cert) => cert.rawData)]);
diff --git a/backend/src/ee/services/dynamic-secret/providers/sap-ase.ts b/backend/src/ee/services/dynamic-secret/providers/sap-ase.ts
index a1c3c941b..c832e9867 100644
--- a/backend/src/ee/services/dynamic-secret/providers/sap-ase.ts
+++ b/backend/src/ee/services/dynamic-secret/providers/sap-ase.ts
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ export const SapAseProvider = (): TDynamicProviderFns => {
       password
     });
 
-    const queries = creationStatement.trim().replace(/\n/g, "").split(";").filter(Boolean);
+    const queries = creationStatement.trim().replaceAll("\n", "").split(";").filter(Boolean);
 
     for await (const query of queries) {
       // If it's an adduser query, we need to first call sp_addlogin on the MASTER database.
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ export const SapAseProvider = (): TDynamicProviderFns => {
       username
     });
 
-    const queries = revokeStatement.trim().replace(/\n/g, "").split(";").filter(Boolean);
+    const queries = revokeStatement.trim().replaceAll("\n", "").split(";").filter(Boolean);
 
     const client = await $getClient(providerInputs);
     const masterClient = await $getClient(providerInputs, true);
diff --git a/backend/src/ee/services/kmip/kmip-service.ts b/backend/src/ee/services/kmip/kmip-service.ts
index dc0a8e85d..82ff1a9aa 100644
--- a/backend/src/ee/services/kmip/kmip-service.ts
+++ b/backend/src/ee/services/kmip/kmip-service.ts
@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@ import crypto, { KeyObject } from "crypto";
 
 import { ActionProjectType } from "@app/db/schemas";
 import { BadRequestError, InternalServerError, NotFoundError } from "@app/lib/errors";
-import { isValidHostname, isValidIp } from "@app/lib/ip";
+import { isValidIp } from "@app/lib/ip";
 import { ms } from "@app/lib/ms";
+import { isFQDN } from "@app/lib/validator/validate-url";
 import { constructPemChainFromCerts } from "@app/services/certificate/certificate-fns";
 import { CertExtendedKeyUsage, CertKeyAlgorithm, CertKeyUsage } from "@app/services/certificate/certificate-types";
 import {
@@ -665,7 +666,7 @@ export const kmipServiceFactory = ({
       .split(",")
       .map((name) => name.trim())
       .map((altName) => {
-        if (isValidHostname(altName)) {
+        if (isFQDN(altName, { allow_wildcard: true })) {
           return {
             type: "dns",
             value: altName
diff --git a/backend/src/ee/services/ldap-config/ldap-fns.ts b/backend/src/ee/services/ldap-config/ldap-fns.ts
index 99b0d8d9b..44af718ed 100644
--- a/backend/src/ee/services/ldap-config/ldap-fns.ts
+++ b/backend/src/ee/services/ldap-config/ldap-fns.ts
@@ -97,12 +97,14 @@ export const searchGroups = async (
 
         res.on("searchEntry", (entry) => {
           const dn = entry.dn.toString();
-          const regex = /cn=([^,]+)/;
-          const match = dn.match(regex);
-          // parse the cn from the dn
-          const cn = (match && match[1]) as string;
+          const cnStartIndex = dn.indexOf("cn=");
 
-          groups.push({ dn, cn });
+          if (cnStartIndex !== -1) {
+            const valueStartIndex = cnStartIndex + 3;
+            const commaIndex = dn.indexOf(",", valueStartIndex);
+            const cn = dn.substring(valueStartIndex, commaIndex === -1 ? undefined : commaIndex);
+            groups.push({ dn, cn });
+          }
         });
         res.on("error", (error) => {
           ldapClient.unbind();
diff --git a/backend/src/ee/services/scim/scim-fns.ts b/backend/src/ee/services/scim/scim-fns.ts
index 3ade1a117..d3af24f61 100644
--- a/backend/src/ee/services/scim/scim-fns.ts
+++ b/backend/src/ee/services/scim/scim-fns.ts
@@ -29,15 +29,9 @@ export const parseScimFilter = (filterToParse: string | undefined) => {
     attributeName = "name";
   }
 
-  return { [attributeName]: parsedValue.replace(/"/g, "") };
+  return { [attributeName]: parsedValue.replaceAll('"', "") };
 };
 
-export function extractScimValueFromPath(path: string): string | null {
-  const regex = /members\[value eq "([^"]+)"\]/;
-  const match = path.match(regex);
-  return match ? match[1] : null;
-}
-
 export const buildScimUser = ({
   orgMembershipId,
   username,
diff --git a/backend/src/ee/services/secret-rotation/secret-rotation-queue/secret-rotation-queue-fn.ts b/backend/src/ee/services/secret-rotation/secret-rotation-queue/secret-rotation-queue-fn.ts
index e86469c51..e3c6b6b5c 100644
--- a/backend/src/ee/services/secret-rotation/secret-rotation-queue/secret-rotation-queue-fn.ts
+++ b/backend/src/ee/services/secret-rotation/secret-rotation-queue/secret-rotation-queue-fn.ts
@@ -14,16 +14,43 @@ import { verifyHostInputValidity } from "../../dynamic-secret/dynamic-secret-fns
 import { TAssignOp, TDbProviderClients, TDirectAssignOp, THttpProviderFunction } from "../templates/types";
 import { TSecretRotationData, TSecretRotationDbFn } from "./secret-rotation-queue-types";
 
-const REGEX = /\${([^}]+)}/g;
 const EXTERNAL_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 10 * 1000;
 
+const replaceTemplateVariables = (str: string, getValue: (key: string) => unknown) => {
+  // Use array to collect pieces and join at the end (more efficient for large strings)
+  const parts: string[] = [];
+  let pos = 0;
+
+  while (pos < str.length) {
+    const start = str.indexOf("${", pos);
+    if (start === -1) {
+      parts.push(str.slice(pos));
+      break;
+    }
+
+    parts.push(str.slice(pos, start));
+    const end = str.indexOf("}", start + 2);
+
+    if (end === -1) {
+      parts.push(str.slice(start));
+      break;
+    }
+
+    const varName = str.slice(start + 2, end);
+    parts.push(String(getValue(varName)));
+    pos = end + 1;
+  }
+
+  return parts.join("");
+};
+
 export const interpolate = (data: any, getValue: (key: string) => unknown) => {
   if (!data) return;
 
   if (typeof data === "number") return data;
 
   if (typeof data === "string") {
-    return data.replace(REGEX, (_a, b) => getValue(b) as string);
+    return replaceTemplateVariables(data, getValue);
   }
 
   if (typeof data === "object" && Array.isArray(data)) {
diff --git a/backend/src/ee/services/secret-snapshot/snapshot-service-fns.ts b/backend/src/ee/services/secret-snapshot/snapshot-service-fns.ts
index 51cb9c056..cd5372c8d 100644
--- a/backend/src/ee/services/secret-snapshot/snapshot-service-fns.ts
+++ b/backend/src/ee/services/secret-snapshot/snapshot-service-fns.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,18 @@ type GetFullFolderPath = {
 
 export const getFullFolderPath = async ({ folderDAL, folderId, envId }: GetFullFolderPath): Promise<string> => {
   // Helper function to remove duplicate slashes
-  const removeDuplicateSlashes = (path: string) => path.replace(/\/{2,}/g, "/");
+  const removeDuplicateSlashes = (path: string) => {
+    const chars = [];
+    let lastWasSlash = false;
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < path.length; i += 1) {
+      const char = path[i];
+      if (char !== "/" || !lastWasSlash) chars.push(char);
+      lastWasSlash = char === "/";
+    }
+
+    return chars.join("");
+  };
 
   // Fetch all folders at once based on environment ID to avoid multiple queries
   const folders = await folderDAL.find({ envId });
diff --git a/backend/src/ee/services/ssh-certificate-template/ssh-certificate-template-validators.ts b/backend/src/ee/services/ssh-certificate-template/ssh-certificate-template-validators.ts
index 373bbc640..48d793970 100644
--- a/backend/src/ee/services/ssh-certificate-template/ssh-certificate-template-validators.ts
+++ b/backend/src/ee/services/ssh-certificate-template/ssh-certificate-template-validators.ts
@@ -1,14 +1,34 @@
+import { isIP } from "net";
+
+import { isFQDN } from "@app/lib/validator/validate-url";
+
 // Validates usernames or wildcard (*)
 export const isValidUserPattern = (value: string): boolean => {
-  // Matches valid Linux usernames or a wildcard (*)
-  const userRegex = /^(?:\*|[a-z_][a-z0-9_-]{0,31})$/;
+  // Length check before regex to prevent ReDoS
+  if (typeof value !== "string") return false;
+  if (value.length > 32) return false; // Maximum Linux username length
+  if (value === "*") return true; // Handle wildcard separately
+
+  // Simpler, more specific pattern for usernames
+  const userRegex = /^[a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*$/i;
   return userRegex.test(value);
 };
 
 // Validates hostnames, wildcard domains, or IP addresses
 export const isValidHostPattern = (value: string): boolean => {
-  // Matches FQDNs, wildcard domains (*.example.com), IPv4, and IPv6 addresses
-  const hostRegex =
-    /^(?:\*|\*\.[a-z0-9-]+(?:\.[a-z0-9-]+)*|[a-z0-9-]+(?:\.[a-z0-9-]+)*|\d{1,3}(\.\d{1,3}){3}|([a-fA-F0-9:]+:+)+[a-fA-F0-9]+(?:%[a-zA-Z0-9]+)?)$/;
-  return hostRegex.test(value);
+  // Input validation
+  if (typeof value !== "string") return false;
+
+  // Length check
+  if (value.length > 255) return false;
+
+  // Handle the wildcard case separately
+  if (value === "*") return true;
+
+  // Check for IP addresses using Node.js built-in functions
+  if (isIP(value)) return true;
+
+  return isFQDN(value, {
+    allow_wildcard: true
+  });
 };
diff --git a/backend/src/ee/services/ssh/ssh-certificate-authority-fns.ts b/backend/src/ee/services/ssh/ssh-certificate-authority-fns.ts
index f51f8d639..deb77cecc 100644
--- a/backend/src/ee/services/ssh/ssh-certificate-authority-fns.ts
+++ b/backend/src/ee/services/ssh/ssh-certificate-authority-fns.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import { promisify } from "util";
 import { TSshCertificateTemplates } from "@app/db/schemas";
 import { BadRequestError } from "@app/lib/errors";
 import { ms } from "@app/lib/ms";
+import { CharacterType, characterValidator } from "@app/lib/validator/validate-string";
 import { CertKeyAlgorithm } from "@app/services/certificate/certificate-types";
 
 import {
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ import { SshCertType, TCreateSshCertDTO } from "./ssh-certificate-authority-type
 
 const execFileAsync = promisify(execFile);
 
+const EXEC_TIMEOUT_MS = 10000; // 10 seconds
 /* eslint-disable no-bitwise */
 export const createSshCertSerialNumber = () => {
   const randomBytes = crypto.randomBytes(8); // 8 bytes = 64 bits
@@ -64,7 +66,9 @@ export const createSshKeyPair = async (keyAlgorithm: CertKeyAlgorithm) => {
     // Generate the SSH key pair
     // The "-N ''" sets an empty passphrase
     // The keys are created in the temporary directory
-    await execFileAsync("ssh-keygen", ["-t", keyType, "-b", keyBits, "-f", privateKeyFile, "-N", ""]);
+    await execFileAsync("ssh-keygen", ["-t", keyType, "-b", keyBits, "-f", privateKeyFile, "-N", ""], {
+      timeout: EXEC_TIMEOUT_MS
+    });
 
     // Read the generated keys
     const publicKey = await fs.readFile(publicKeyFile, "utf8");
@@ -87,7 +91,10 @@ export const getSshPublicKey = async (privateKey: string) => {
     await fs.writeFile(privateKeyFile, privateKey, { mode: 0o600 });
 
     // Run ssh-keygen to extract the public key
-    const { stdout } = await execFileAsync("ssh-keygen", ["-y", "-f", privateKeyFile], { encoding: "utf8" });
+    const { stdout } = await execFileAsync("ssh-keygen", ["-y", "-f", privateKeyFile], {
+      encoding: "utf8",
+      timeout: EXEC_TIMEOUT_MS
+    });
     return stdout.trim();
   } finally {
     // Ensure that files and the temporary directory are cleaned up
@@ -143,7 +150,14 @@ export const validateSshCertificatePrincipals = (
     }
 
     // restrict allowed characters to letters, digits, dot, underscore, and hyphen
-    if (!/^[A-Za-z0-9._-]+$/.test(sanitized)) {
+    if (
+      !characterValidator([
+        CharacterType.AlphaNumeric,
+        CharacterType.Period,
+        CharacterType.Underscore,
+        CharacterType.Hyphen
+      ])(sanitized)
+    ) {
       throw new BadRequestError({
         message: `Principal '${sanitized}' contains invalid characters. Allowed: alphanumeric, '.', '_', '-'.`
       });
@@ -266,8 +280,8 @@ export const validateSshCertificateTtl = (template: TSshCertificateTemplates, tt
  * that it only contains alphanumeric characters with no spaces.
  */
 export const validateSshCertificateKeyId = (keyId: string) => {
-  const regex = /^[A-Za-z0-9-]+$/;
-  if (!regex.test(keyId)) {
+  const regex = characterValidator([CharacterType.AlphaNumeric, CharacterType.Hyphen]);
+  if (!regex(keyId)) {
     throw new BadRequestError({
       message:
         "Failed to validate Key ID because it can only contain alphanumeric characters and hyphens, with no spaces."
@@ -298,7 +312,7 @@ const validateSshPublicKey = async (publicKey: string) => {
 
   try {
     await fs.writeFile(pubKeyFile, publicKey, { mode: 0o600 });
-    await execFileAsync("ssh-keygen", ["-l", "-f", pubKeyFile]);
+    await execFileAsync("ssh-keygen", ["-l", "-f", pubKeyFile], { timeout: EXEC_TIMEOUT_MS });
   } catch (error) {
     throw new BadRequestError({
       message: "Failed to validate SSH public key format: could not be parsed."
@@ -363,7 +377,7 @@ export const createSshCert = async ({
     await fs.writeFile(privateKeyFile, caPrivateKey, { mode: 0o600 });
 
     // Execute the signing process
-    await execFileAsync("ssh-keygen", sshKeygenArgs, { encoding: "utf8" });
+    await execFileAsync("ssh-keygen", sshKeygenArgs, { encoding: "utf8", timeout: EXEC_TIMEOUT_MS });
 
     // Read the signed public key from the generated cert file
     const signedPublicKey = await fs.readFile(signedPublicKeyFile, "utf8");
diff --git a/backend/src/lib/axios/digest-auth.ts b/backend/src/lib/axios/digest-auth.ts
index ee9dbd79b..449c471fd 100644
--- a/backend/src/lib/axios/digest-auth.ts
+++ b/backend/src/lib/axios/digest-auth.ts
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ export const createDigestAuthRequestInterceptor = (
       nc += 1;
       const nonceCount = nc.toString(16).padStart(8, "0");
       const cnonce = crypto.randomBytes(24).toString("hex");
-      const realm = authDetails.find((el) => el[0].toLowerCase().indexOf("realm") > -1)?.[1].replace(/"/g, "");
-      const nonce = authDetails.find((el) => el[0].toLowerCase().indexOf("nonce") > -1)?.[1].replace(/"/g, "");
+      const realm = authDetails.find((el) => el[0].toLowerCase().indexOf("realm") > -1)?.[1]?.replaceAll('"', "") || "";
+      const nonce = authDetails.find((el) => el[0].toLowerCase().indexOf("nonce") > -1)?.[1]?.replaceAll('"', "") || "";
       const ha1 = crypto.createHash("md5").update(`${username}:${realm}:${password}`).digest("hex");
       const path = opts.url;
 
diff --git a/backend/src/lib/base64/index.ts b/backend/src/lib/base64/index.ts
index cfc0fde3f..2bffef3fc 100644
--- a/backend/src/lib/base64/index.ts
+++ b/backend/src/lib/base64/index.ts
@@ -1,26 +1,35 @@
-// Credit: https://github.com/miguelmota/is-base64
-export const isBase64 = (
-  v: string,
-  opts = { allowEmpty: false, mimeRequired: false, allowMime: true, paddingRequired: false }
-) => {
-  if (opts.allowEmpty === false && v === "") {
-    return false;
+type Base64Options = {
+  urlSafe?: boolean;
+  padding?: boolean;
+};
+
+const base64WithPadding = /^(?:[A-Za-z0-9+/]{4})*(?:[A-Za-z0-9+/]{2}==|[A-Za-z0-9+/]{3}=|[A-Za-z0-9+/]{4})$/;
+const base64WithoutPadding = /^[A-Za-z0-9+/]+$/;
+const base64UrlWithPadding = /^(?:[A-Za-z0-9_-]{4})*(?:[A-Za-z0-9_-]{2}==|[A-Za-z0-9_-]{3}=|[A-Za-z0-9_-]{4})$/;
+const base64UrlWithoutPadding = /^[A-Za-z0-9_-]+$/;
+
+export const isBase64 = (str: string, options: Base64Options = {}): boolean => {
+  if (typeof str !== "string") {
+    throw new TypeError("Expected a string");
   }
 
-  let regex = "(?:[A-Za-z0-9+\\/]{4})*(?:[A-Za-z0-9+\\/]{2}==|[A-Za-z0-9+/]{3}=)?";
-  const mimeRegex = "(data:\\w+\\/[a-zA-Z\\+\\-\\.]+;base64,)";
+  // Default padding to true unless urlSafe is true
+  const opts: Base64Options = {
+    urlSafe: false,
+    padding: options.urlSafe === undefined ? true : !options.urlSafe,
+    ...options
+  };
 
-  if (opts.mimeRequired === true) {
-    regex = mimeRegex + regex;
-  } else if (opts.allowMime === true) {
-    regex = `${mimeRegex}?${regex}`;
+  if (str === "") return true;
+
+  let regex;
+  if (opts.urlSafe) {
+    regex = opts.padding ? base64UrlWithPadding : base64UrlWithoutPadding;
+  } else {
+    regex = opts.padding ? base64WithPadding : base64WithoutPadding;
   }
 
-  if (opts.paddingRequired === false) {
-    regex = "(?:[A-Za-z0-9+\\/]{4})*(?:[A-Za-z0-9+\\/]{2}(==)?|[A-Za-z0-9+\\/]{3}=?)?";
-  }
-
-  return new RegExp(`^${regex}$`, "gi").test(v);
+  return (!opts.padding || str.length % 4 === 0) && regex.test(str);
 };
 
 export const getBase64SizeInBytes = (base64String: string) => {
diff --git a/backend/src/lib/certificates/extract-certificate.test.ts b/backend/src/lib/certificates/extract-certificate.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d0fc2be6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/lib/certificates/extract-certificate.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import { extractX509CertFromChain } from "./extract-certificate";
+
+describe("Extract Certificate Payload", () => {
+  test("Single chain", () => {
+    const payload = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIEZzCCA0+gAwIBAgIUDk9+HZcMHppiNy0TvoBg8/aMEqIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL
+BQAwDTELMAkGA1UEChMCUEgwHhcNMjQxMDI1MTU0MjAzWhcNMjUxMDI1MjE0MjAz
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----`;
+    const result = extractX509CertFromChain(payload);
+    expect(result).toBeDefined();
+    expect(result?.length).toBe(1);
+    expect(result?.[0]).toEqual(payload);
+  });
+
+  test("Multiple chain", () => {
+    const payload = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIEZzCCA0+gAwIBAgIUDk9+HZcMHppiNy0TvoBg8/aMEqIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL
+BQAwDTELMAkGA1UEChMCUEgwHhcNMjQxMDI1MTU0MjAzWhcNMjUxMDI1MjE0MjAz
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIEZzCCA0+gAwIBAgIUDk9+HZcMHppiNy0TvoBg8/aMEqIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIEZzCCA0+gAwIBAgIUDk9+HZcMHppiNy0TvoBg8/aMEqIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----`;
+    const result = extractX509CertFromChain(payload);
+    expect(result).toBeDefined();
+    expect(result?.length).toBe(3);
+    expect(result).toEqual([
+      `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIEZzCCA0+gAwIBAgIUDk9+HZcMHppiNy0TvoBg8/aMEqIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL
+BQAwDTELMAkGA1UEChMCUEgwHhcNMjQxMDI1MTU0MjAzWhcNMjUxMDI1MjE0MjAz
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----`,
+      `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIEZzCCA0+gAwIBAgIUDk9+HZcMHppiNy0TvoBg8/aMEqIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----`,
+      `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIEZzCCA0+gAwIBAgIUDk9+HZcMHppiNy0TvoBg8/aMEqIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----`
+    ]);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/backend/src/lib/certificates/extract-certificate.ts b/backend/src/lib/certificates/extract-certificate.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..782ceee19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/lib/certificates/extract-certificate.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import { BadRequestError } from "../errors";
+
+export const extractX509CertFromChain = (certificateChain: string): string[] => {
+  if (!certificateChain) {
+    throw new BadRequestError({
+      message: "Certificate chain is empty or undefined"
+    });
+  }
+
+  const certificates: string[] = [];
+  let currentPosition = 0;
+  const chainLength = certificateChain.length;
+
+  while (currentPosition < chainLength) {
+    // Find the start of a certificate
+    const beginMarker = "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----";
+    const startIndex = certificateChain.indexOf(beginMarker, currentPosition);
+
+    if (startIndex === -1) {
+      break; // No more certificates found
+    }
+
+    // Find the end of the certificate
+    const endMarker = "-----END CERTIFICATE-----";
+    const endIndex = certificateChain.indexOf(endMarker, startIndex);
+
+    if (endIndex === -1) {
+      throw new BadRequestError({
+        message: "Malformed certificate chain: Found BEGIN marker without matching END marker"
+      });
+    }
+
+    // Extract the complete certificate including markers
+    const completeEndIndex = endIndex + endMarker.length;
+    const certificate = certificateChain.substring(startIndex, completeEndIndex);
+
+    // Add the extracted certificate to our results
+    certificates.push(certificate);
+
+    // Move position to after this certificate
+    currentPosition = completeEndIndex;
+  }
+
+  if (certificates.length === 0) {
+    throw new BadRequestError({
+      message: "No valid certificates found in the chain"
+    });
+  }
+
+  return certificates;
+};
diff --git a/backend/src/lib/ip/index.ts b/backend/src/lib/ip/index.ts
index 1e247dcde..0b35a2759 100644
--- a/backend/src/lib/ip/index.ts
+++ b/backend/src/lib/ip/index.ts
@@ -107,12 +107,6 @@ export const isValidIp = (ip: string) => {
   return net.isIPv4(ip) || net.isIPv6(ip);
 };
 
-export const isValidHostname = (name: string) => {
-  const hostnameRegex = /^(?!:\/\/)(\*\.)?([a-zA-Z0-9-_]{1,63}\.?)+(?!:\/\/)([a-zA-Z]{2,63})$/;
-
-  return hostnameRegex.test(name);
-};
-
 export type TIp = {
   ipAddress: string;
   type: IPType;
diff --git a/backend/src/lib/validator/validate-folder-name.ts b/backend/src/lib/validator/validate-folder-name.ts
index 1fce780f0..e357dbf9b 100644
--- a/backend/src/lib/validator/validate-folder-name.ts
+++ b/backend/src/lib/validator/validate-folder-name.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
+import { CharacterType, characterValidator } from "./validate-string";
+
 // regex to allow only alphanumeric, dash, underscore
-export const isValidFolderName = (name: string) => /^[a-zA-Z0-9-_]+$/.test(name);
+export const isValidFolderName = characterValidator([
+  CharacterType.AlphaNumeric,
+  CharacterType.Hyphen,
+  CharacterType.Underscore
+]);
 
 export const isValidSecretPath = (path: string) =>
   path
diff --git a/backend/src/lib/validator/validate-string.test.ts b/backend/src/lib/validator/validate-string.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..73e172896
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/lib/validator/validate-string.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import { CharacterType, characterValidator } from "./validate-string";
+
+describe("validate-string", () => {
+  test("Check alphabets", () => {
+    expect(characterValidator([CharacterType.Alphabets])("hello")).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(characterValidator([CharacterType.Alphabets])("hello world")).toBeFalsy();
+    expect(characterValidator([CharacterType.Alphabets, CharacterType.Spaces])("hello world")).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  test("Check numbers", () => {
+    expect(characterValidator([CharacterType.Numbers])("1234567890")).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(characterValidator([CharacterType.AlphaNumeric])("helloWORLD1234567890")).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(characterValidator([CharacterType.AlphaNumeric])("helloWORLD1234567890-")).toBeFalsy();
+  });
+
+  test("Check special characters", () => {
+    expect(characterValidator([CharacterType.AlphaNumeric, CharacterType.Hyphen])("Hello-World")).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(characterValidator([CharacterType.AlphaNumeric, CharacterType.Plus])("Hello+World")).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(characterValidator([CharacterType.AlphaNumeric, CharacterType.Underscore])("Hello_World")).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(characterValidator([CharacterType.AlphaNumeric, CharacterType.Colon])("Hello:World")).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(characterValidator([CharacterType.AlphaNumeric, CharacterType.Underscore])("Hello World")).toBeFalsy();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/backend/src/lib/validator/validate-string.ts b/backend/src/lib/validator/validate-string.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..57bc052f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/lib/validator/validate-string.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+export enum CharacterType {
+  Alphabets = "alphabets",
+  Numbers = "numbers",
+  AlphaNumeric = "alpha-numeric",
+  Spaces = "spaces",
+  SpecialCharacters = "specialCharacters",
+  Punctuation = "punctuation",
+  Period = "period", // .
+  Underscore = "underscore", // _
+  Colon = "colon", // :
+  ForwardSlash = "forwardSlash", // /
+  Equals = "equals", // =
+  Plus = "plus", // +
+  Hyphen = "hyphen", // -
+  At = "at", // @
+  // Additional individual characters that might be useful
+  Asterisk = "asterisk", // *
+  Ampersand = "ampersand", // &
+  Question = "question", // ?
+  Hash = "hash", // #
+  Percent = "percent", // %
+  Dollar = "dollar", // $
+  Caret = "caret", // ^
+  Backtick = "backtick", // `
+  Pipe = "pipe", // |
+  Backslash = "backslash", // \
+  OpenParen = "openParen", // (
+  CloseParen = "closeParen", // )
+  OpenBracket = "openBracket", // [
+  CloseBracket = "closeBracket", // ]
+  OpenBrace = "openBrace", // {
+  CloseBrace = "closeBrace", // }
+  LessThan = "lessThan", // <
+  GreaterThan = "greaterThan", // >
+  SingleQuote = "singleQuote", // '
+  DoubleQuote = "doubleQuote", // "
+  Comma = "comma", // ,
+  Semicolon = "semicolon", // ;
+  Exclamation = "exclamation" // !
+}
+
+/**
+ * Validates if a string contains only specific types of characters
+ */
+export const characterValidator = (allowedCharacters: CharacterType[]) => {
+  // Create a regex pattern based on allowed character types
+  const patternMap: Record<CharacterType, string> = {
+    [CharacterType.Alphabets]: "a-zA-Z",
+    [CharacterType.Numbers]: "0-9",
+    [CharacterType.AlphaNumeric]: "a-zA-Z0-9",
+    [CharacterType.Spaces]: "\\s",
+    [CharacterType.SpecialCharacters]: "!@#$%^&*()_+\\-=\\[\\]{}|;:'\",.<>/?\\\\",
+    [CharacterType.Punctuation]: "\\.\\,\\;\\:\\!\\?",
+    [CharacterType.Colon]: "\\:",
+    [CharacterType.ForwardSlash]: "\\/",
+    [CharacterType.Underscore]: "_",
+    [CharacterType.Hyphen]: "\\-",
+    [CharacterType.Period]: "\\.",
+    [CharacterType.Equals]: "=",
+    [CharacterType.Plus]: "\\+",
+    [CharacterType.At]: "@",
+    [CharacterType.Asterisk]: "\\*",
+    [CharacterType.Ampersand]: "&",
+    [CharacterType.Question]: "\\?",
+    [CharacterType.Hash]: "#",
+    [CharacterType.Percent]: "%",
+    [CharacterType.Dollar]: "\\$",
+    [CharacterType.Caret]: "\\^",
+    [CharacterType.Backtick]: "`",
+    [CharacterType.Pipe]: "\\|",
+    [CharacterType.Backslash]: "\\\\",
+    [CharacterType.OpenParen]: "\\(",
+    [CharacterType.CloseParen]: "\\)",
+    [CharacterType.OpenBracket]: "\\[",
+    [CharacterType.CloseBracket]: "\\]",
+    [CharacterType.OpenBrace]: "\\{",
+    [CharacterType.CloseBrace]: "\\}",
+    [CharacterType.LessThan]: "<",
+    [CharacterType.GreaterThan]: ">",
+    [CharacterType.SingleQuote]: "'",
+    [CharacterType.DoubleQuote]: '\\"',
+    [CharacterType.Comma]: ",",
+    [CharacterType.Semicolon]: ";",
+    [CharacterType.Exclamation]: "!"
+  };
+
+  // Combine patterns from allowed characters
+  const combinedPattern = allowedCharacters.map((char) => patternMap[char]).join("");
+
+  // Create a regex that matches only the allowed characters
+  const regex = new RegExp(`^[${combinedPattern}]+$`);
+
+  /**
+   * Validates if the input string contains only the allowed character types
+   * @param input String to validate
+   * @returns Boolean indicating if the string is valid
+   */
+  return function validate(input: string): boolean {
+    return regex.test(input);
+  };
+};
diff --git a/backend/src/lib/validator/validate-url.test.ts b/backend/src/lib/validator/validate-url.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3ed5cb446
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/lib/validator/validate-url.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import { isFQDN } from "./validate-url";
+
+describe("isFQDN", () => {
+  test("Non wildcard", () => {
+    expect(isFQDN("www.example.com")).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  test("Wildcard", () => {
+    expect(isFQDN("*.example.com", { allow_wildcard: true })).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  test("Wildcard FQDN fails on option allow_wildcard false", () => {
+    expect(isFQDN("*.example.com")).toBeFalsy();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/backend/src/lib/validator/validate-url.ts b/backend/src/lib/validator/validate-url.ts
index fccebf47b..6feab9036 100644
--- a/backend/src/lib/validator/validate-url.ts
+++ b/backend/src/lib/validator/validate-url.ts
@@ -1,18 +1,117 @@
-import { getConfig } from "../config/env";
+import dns from "node:dns/promises";
+
+import { isIPv4 } from "net";
+
 import { BadRequestError } from "../errors";
+import { isPrivateIp } from "../ip/ipRange";
 
-export const blockLocalAndPrivateIpAddresses = (url: string) => {
+export const blockLocalAndPrivateIpAddresses = async (url: string) => {
   const validUrl = new URL(url);
-  const appCfg = getConfig();
-  // on cloud local ips are not allowed
-  if (
-    appCfg.isCloud &&
-    (validUrl.host === "host.docker.internal" ||
-      validUrl.host.match(/^10\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+/) ||
-      validUrl.host.match(/^192\.168\.\d+\.\d+/))
-  )
-    throw new BadRequestError({ message: "Local IPs not allowed as URL" });
-
-  if (validUrl.host === "localhost" || validUrl.host === "127.0.0.1")
-    throw new BadRequestError({ message: "Localhost not allowed" });
+  const inputHostIps: string[] = [];
+  if (isIPv4(validUrl.host)) {
+    inputHostIps.push(validUrl.host);
+  } else {
+    if (validUrl.host === "localhost" || validUrl.host === "host.docker.internal") {
+      throw new BadRequestError({ message: "Local IPs not allowed as URL" });
+    }
+    const resolvedIps = await dns.resolve4(validUrl.host);
+    inputHostIps.push(...resolvedIps);
+  }
+  const isInternalIp = inputHostIps.some((el) => isPrivateIp(el));
+  if (isInternalIp) throw new BadRequestError({ message: "Local IPs not allowed as URL" });
+};
+
+type FQDNOptions = {
+  require_tld?: boolean;
+  allow_underscores?: boolean;
+  allow_trailing_dot?: boolean;
+  allow_numeric_tld?: boolean;
+  allow_wildcard?: boolean;
+  ignore_max_length?: boolean;
+};
+
+const defaultFqdnOptions: FQDNOptions = {
+  require_tld: true,
+  allow_underscores: false,
+  allow_trailing_dot: false,
+  allow_numeric_tld: false,
+  allow_wildcard: false,
+  ignore_max_length: false
+};
+
+// credits: https://github.com/validatorjs/validator.js/blob/f5da7fb6ed59b94695e6fcb2e970c80029509919/src/lib/isFQDN.js#L13
+export const isFQDN = (str: string, options: FQDNOptions = {}): boolean => {
+  if (typeof str !== "string") {
+    throw new TypeError("Expected a string");
+  }
+
+  // Apply default options
+  const opts: FQDNOptions = {
+    ...defaultFqdnOptions,
+    ...options
+  };
+
+  let testStr = str;
+  /* Remove the optional trailing dot before checking validity */
+  if (opts.allow_trailing_dot && str[str.length - 1] === ".") {
+    testStr = testStr.substring(0, str.length - 1);
+  }
+
+  /* Remove the optional wildcard before checking validity */
+  if (opts.allow_wildcard === true && str.indexOf("*.") === 0) {
+    testStr = testStr.substring(2);
+  }
+
+  const parts = testStr.split(".");
+  const tld = parts[parts.length - 1];
+
+  if (opts.require_tld) {
+    // disallow fqdns without tld
+    if (parts.length < 2) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (
+      !opts.allow_numeric_tld &&
+      !/^([a-z\u00A1-\u00A8\u00AA-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFEF]{2,}|xn[a-z0-9-]{2,})$/i.test(tld)
+    ) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // disallow spaces
+    if (/\s/.test(tld)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // reject numeric TLDs
+  if (!opts.allow_numeric_tld && /^\d+$/.test(tld)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return parts.every((part) => {
+    if (part.length > 63 && !opts.ignore_max_length) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!/^[a-z_\u00a1-\uffff0-9-]+$/i.test(part)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // disallow full-width chars
+    if (/[\uff01-\uff5e]/.test(part)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // disallow parts starting or ending with hyphen
+    if (/^-|-$/.test(part)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!opts.allow_underscores && /_/.test(part)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  });
 };
diff --git a/backend/src/server/lib/schemas.ts b/backend/src/server/lib/schemas.ts
index 0d8eae848..43a30760e 100644
--- a/backend/src/server/lib/schemas.ts
+++ b/backend/src/server/lib/schemas.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import slugify from "@sindresorhus/slugify";
 import { z } from "zod";
 
+import { CharacterType, characterValidator } from "@app/lib/validator/validate-string";
+
 interface SlugSchemaInputs {
   min?: number;
   max?: number;
@@ -27,4 +29,13 @@ export const GenericResourceNameSchema = z
   .trim()
   .min(1, { message: "Name must be at least 1 character" })
   .max(64, { message: "Name must be 64 or fewer characters" })
-  .regex(/^[a-zA-Z0-9\-_\s]+$/, "Name can only contain alphanumeric characters, dashes, underscores, and spaces");
+  .refine(
+    (val) =>
+      characterValidator([
+        CharacterType.AlphaNumeric,
+        CharacterType.Hyphen,
+        CharacterType.Underscore,
+        CharacterType.Spaces
+      ])(val),
+    "Name can only contain alphanumeric characters, dashes, underscores, and spaces"
+  );
diff --git a/backend/src/services/certificate-authority/certificate-authority-service.ts b/backend/src/services/certificate-authority/certificate-authority-service.ts
index 3dfaa6532..f03b5db4c 100644
--- a/backend/src/services/certificate-authority/certificate-authority-service.ts
+++ b/backend/src/services/certificate-authority/certificate-authority-service.ts
@@ -7,9 +7,11 @@ import { z } from "zod";
 import { ActionProjectType, ProjectType, TCertificateAuthorities, TCertificateTemplates } from "@app/db/schemas";
 import { TPermissionServiceFactory } from "@app/ee/services/permission/permission-service";
 import { ProjectPermissionActions, ProjectPermissionSub } from "@app/ee/services/permission/project-permission";
+import { extractX509CertFromChain } from "@app/lib/certificates/extract-certificate";
 import { getConfig } from "@app/lib/config/env";
 import { BadRequestError, NotFoundError } from "@app/lib/errors";
 import { ms } from "@app/lib/ms";
+import { isFQDN } from "@app/lib/validator/validate-url";
 import { TCertificateBodyDALFactory } from "@app/services/certificate/certificate-body-dal";
 import { TCertificateDALFactory } from "@app/services/certificate/certificate-dal";
 import { TKmsServiceFactory } from "@app/services/kms/kms-service";
@@ -58,7 +60,6 @@ import {
   TSignIntermediateDTO,
   TUpdateCaDTO
 } from "./certificate-authority-types";
-import { hostnameRegex } from "./certificate-authority-validators";
 
 type TCertificateAuthorityServiceFactoryDep = {
   certificateAuthorityDAL: Pick<
@@ -1017,9 +1018,7 @@ export const certificateAuthorityServiceFactory = ({
     const maxPathLength = certObj.getExtension(x509.BasicConstraintsExtension)?.pathLength;
 
     // validate imported certificate and certificate chain
-    const certificates = certificateChain
-      .match(/-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----[\s\S]+?-----END CERTIFICATE-----/g)
-      ?.map((cert) => new x509.X509Certificate(cert));
+    const certificates = extractX509CertFromChain(certificateChain)?.map((cert) => new x509.X509Certificate(cert));
 
     if (!certificates) throw new BadRequestError({ message: "Failed to parse certificate chain" });
 
@@ -1325,7 +1324,7 @@ export const certificateAuthorityServiceFactory = ({
           }
 
           // check if the altName is a valid hostname
-          if (hostnameRegex.test(altName)) {
+          if (isFQDN(altName, { allow_wildcard: true })) {
             return {
               type: "dns",
               value: altName
@@ -1702,7 +1701,7 @@ export const certificateAuthorityServiceFactory = ({
           }
 
           // check if the altName is a valid hostname
-          if (hostnameRegex.test(altName)) {
+          if (isFQDN(altName, { allow_wildcard: true })) {
             return {
               type: "dns",
               value: altName
diff --git a/backend/src/services/certificate-authority/certificate-authority-validators.ts b/backend/src/services/certificate-authority/certificate-authority-validators.ts
index 1840652ca..979a3b9c5 100644
--- a/backend/src/services/certificate-authority/certificate-authority-validators.ts
+++ b/backend/src/services/certificate-authority/certificate-authority-validators.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { z } from "zod";
 
 import { isValidIp } from "@app/lib/ip";
+import { isFQDN } from "@app/lib/validator/validate-url";
 
 const isValidDate = (dateString: string) => {
   const date = new Date(dateString);
@@ -9,7 +10,6 @@ const isValidDate = (dateString: string) => {
 
 export const validateCaDateField = z.string().trim().refine(isValidDate, { message: "Invalid date format" });
 
-export const hostnameRegex = /^(?!:\/\/)(\*\.)?([a-zA-Z0-9-_]{1,63}\.?)+(?!:\/\/)([a-zA-Z]{2,63})$/;
 export const validateAltNamesField = z
   .string()
   .trim()
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ export const validateAltNamesField = z
       if (data === "") return true;
       // Split and validate each alt name
       return data.split(", ").every((name) => {
-        return hostnameRegex.test(name) || z.string().email().safeParse(name).success || isValidIp(name);
+        return isFQDN(name, { allow_wildcard: true }) || z.string().email().safeParse(name).success || isValidIp(name);
       });
     },
     {
diff --git a/backend/src/services/certificate-template/certificate-template-fns.ts b/backend/src/services/certificate-template/certificate-template-fns.ts
index 0a19ac92f..fa8055f69 100644
--- a/backend/src/services/certificate-template/certificate-template-fns.ts
+++ b/backend/src/services/certificate-template/certificate-template-fns.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ export const validateCertificateDetailsAgainstTemplate = (
   },
   template: TCertificateTemplates
 ) => {
+  // these are validated in router using validateTemplateRegexField
   const commonNameRegex = new RegExp(template.commonName);
   if (!commonNameRegex.test(cert.commonName)) {
     throw new BadRequestError({
diff --git a/backend/src/services/certificate-template/certificate-template-service.ts b/backend/src/services/certificate-template/certificate-template-service.ts
index 9a5cd9269..04bf76f5c 100644
--- a/backend/src/services/certificate-template/certificate-template-service.ts
+++ b/backend/src/services/certificate-template/certificate-template-service.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { ActionProjectType, TCertificateTemplateEstConfigsUpdate } from "@app/db
 import { TLicenseServiceFactory } from "@app/ee/services/license/license-service";
 import { TPermissionServiceFactory } from "@app/ee/services/permission/permission-service";
 import { ProjectPermissionActions, ProjectPermissionSub } from "@app/ee/services/permission/project-permission";
+import { extractX509CertFromChain } from "@app/lib/certificates/extract-certificate";
 import { getConfig } from "@app/lib/config/env";
 import { BadRequestError, NotFoundError } from "@app/lib/errors";
 
@@ -281,9 +282,7 @@ export const certificateTemplateServiceFactory = ({
       });
 
       // validate CA chain
-      const certificates = caChain
-        .match(/-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----[\s\S]+?-----END CERTIFICATE-----/g)
-        ?.map((cert) => new x509.X509Certificate(cert));
+      const certificates = extractX509CertFromChain(caChain)?.map((cert) => new x509.X509Certificate(cert));
 
       if (!certificates) {
         throw new BadRequestError({ message: "Failed to parse certificate chain" });
@@ -379,9 +378,7 @@ export const certificateTemplateServiceFactory = ({
     };
 
     if (caChain) {
-      const certificates = caChain
-        .match(/-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----[\s\S]+?-----END CERTIFICATE-----/g)
-        ?.map((cert) => new x509.X509Certificate(cert));
+      const certificates = extractX509CertFromChain(caChain)?.map((cert) => new x509.X509Certificate(cert));
 
       if (!certificates) {
         throw new BadRequestError({ message: "Failed to parse certificate chain" });
diff --git a/backend/src/services/certificate-template/certificate-template-validators.ts b/backend/src/services/certificate-template/certificate-template-validators.ts
index 41a06b05d..60694b598 100644
--- a/backend/src/services/certificate-template/certificate-template-validators.ts
+++ b/backend/src/services/certificate-template/certificate-template-validators.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,27 @@
 import safe from "safe-regex";
 import z from "zod";
 
+import { CharacterType, characterValidator } from "@app/lib/validator/validate-string";
+
 export const validateTemplateRegexField = z
   .string()
   .min(1)
   .max(100)
-  .regex(/^[a-zA-Z0-9 *@\-\\.\\]+$/, {
-    message: "Invalid pattern: only alphanumeric characters, spaces, *, ., @, -, and \\ are allowed."
-  })
+  .refine(
+    (val) =>
+      characterValidator([
+        CharacterType.AlphaNumeric,
+        CharacterType.Spaces, // (space)
+        CharacterType.Asterisk, // *
+        CharacterType.At, // @
+        CharacterType.Hyphen, // -
+        CharacterType.Period, // .
+        CharacterType.Backslash // \
+      ])(val),
+    {
+      message: "Invalid pattern: only alphanumeric characters, spaces, *, ., @, -, and \\ are allowed."
+    }
+  )
   // we ensure that the inputted pattern is computationally safe by limiting star height to 1
   .refine((v) => safe(v), {
     message: "Unsafe REGEX pattern"
diff --git a/backend/src/services/identity-aws-auth/identity-aws-auth-service.ts b/backend/src/services/identity-aws-auth/identity-aws-auth-service.ts
index 5be3dfe4c..f611f4c15 100644
--- a/backend/src/services/identity-aws-auth/identity-aws-auth-service.ts
+++ b/backend/src/services/identity-aws-auth/identity-aws-auth-service.ts
@@ -93,7 +93,8 @@ export const identityAwsAuthServiceFactory = ({
         .some((principalArn) => {
           // convert wildcard ARN to a regular expression: "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:*" -> "^arn:aws:iam::123456789012:.*$"
           // considers exact matches + wildcard matches
-          const regex = new RegExp(`^${principalArn.replace(/\*/g, ".*")}$`);
+          // heavily validated in router
+          const regex = new RegExp(`^${principalArn.replaceAll("*", ".*")}$`);
           return regex.test(extractPrincipalArn(Arn));
         });
 
diff --git a/backend/src/services/identity-aws-auth/identity-aws-auth-validators.ts b/backend/src/services/identity-aws-auth/identity-aws-auth-validators.ts
index 2cc736f1e..b3f3ccc94 100644
--- a/backend/src/services/identity-aws-auth/identity-aws-auth-validators.ts
+++ b/backend/src/services/identity-aws-auth/identity-aws-auth-validators.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
+import safe from "safe-regex";
 import { z } from "zod";
 
 const twelveDigitRegex = /^\d{12}$/;
+// akhilmhdh: change this to a normal function later. Checked no redosable at the moment
 const arnRegex = /^arn:aws:iam::\d{12}:(user\/[a-zA-Z0-9_.@+*/-]+|role\/[a-zA-Z0-9_.@+*/-]+|\*)$/;
 
 export const validateAccountIds = z
@@ -42,7 +44,8 @@ export const validatePrincipalArns = z
       // Split the string by commas to check each supposed ARN
       const arns = data.split(",");
       // Return true only if every item matches one of the allowed ARN formats
-      return arns.every((arn) => arnRegex.test(arn.trim()));
+      // and checks whether the provided regex is safe
+      return arns.map((el) => el.trim()).every((arn) => safe(`^${arn.replaceAll("*", ".*")}$`) && arnRegex.test(arn));
     },
     {
       message:
diff --git a/backend/src/services/integration-auth/integration-sync-secret.ts b/backend/src/services/integration-auth/integration-sync-secret.ts
index 56e506759..e5c9d4eb0 100644
--- a/backend/src/services/integration-auth/integration-sync-secret.ts
+++ b/backend/src/services/integration-auth/integration-sync-secret.ts
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ const syncSecretsAzureKeyVault = async ({
   }[] = [];
 
   Object.keys(secrets).forEach((key) => {
-    const hyphenatedKey = key.replace(/_/g, "-");
+    const hyphenatedKey = key.replaceAll("_", "-");
     if (!(hyphenatedKey in res)) {
       // case: secret has been created
       setSecrets.push({
@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ const syncSecretsAzureKeyVault = async ({
   const deleteSecrets: AzureKeyVaultSecret[] = [];
 
   Object.keys(res).forEach((key) => {
-    const underscoredKey = key.replace(/-/g, "_");
+    const underscoredKey = key.replaceAll("-", "_");
     if (!(underscoredKey in secrets)) {
       deleteSecrets.push(res[key]);
     }
@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ const syncSecretsAzureKeyVault = async ({
   if (!integration.lastUsed) {
     Object.keys(res).forEach((key) => {
       // first time using integration
-      const underscoredKey = key.replace(/-/g, "_");
+      const underscoredKey = key.replaceAll("-", "_");
 
       // -> apply initial sync behavior
       switch (metadata.initialSyncBehavior) {
@@ -3578,7 +3578,7 @@ const syncSecretsTeamCity = async ({
       .filter((parameter) => !parameter.inherited)
       .reduce(
         (obj, secret) => {
-          const secretName = secret.name.replace(/^env\./, "");
+          const secretName = secret.name.startsWith(".env") ? secret.name.slice(4) : secret.name;
           return {
             ...obj,
             [secretName]: secret.value
@@ -3635,7 +3635,7 @@ const syncSecretsTeamCity = async ({
       )
     ).data.property.reduce(
       (obj, secret) => {
-        const secretName = secret.name.replace(/^env\./, "");
+        const secretName = secret.name.startsWith("env.") ? secret.name.slice(4) : secret.name;
         return {
           ...obj,
           [secretName]: secret.value
diff --git a/backend/src/services/org/org-dal.ts b/backend/src/services/org/org-dal.ts
index 221840e1b..85d348854 100644
--- a/backend/src/services/org/org-dal.ts
+++ b/backend/src/services/org/org-dal.ts
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ export const orgDALFactory = (db: TDbClient) => {
         .select(selectAllTableCols(TableName.Organization))
         .select(
           db.raw(`
-            CASE 
+            CASE
               WHEN ${TableName.SamlConfig}."orgId" IS NOT NULL THEN '${OrgAuthMethod.SAML}'
               WHEN ${TableName.OidcConfig}."orgId" IS NOT NULL THEN '${OrgAuthMethod.OIDC}'
               ELSE ''
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ export const orgDALFactory = (db: TDbClient) => {
         .select(selectAllTableCols(TableName.Organization))
         .select(
           db.raw(`
-            CASE 
+            CASE
               WHEN ${TableName.SamlConfig}."orgId" IS NOT NULL THEN '${OrgAuthMethod.SAML}'
               WHEN ${TableName.OidcConfig}."orgId" IS NOT NULL THEN '${OrgAuthMethod.OIDC}'
               ELSE ''
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ export const orgDALFactory = (db: TDbClient) => {
         .select(selectAllTableCols(TableName.Organization))
         .select(
           db.raw(`
-            CASE 
+            CASE
               WHEN ${TableName.SamlConfig}."orgId" IS NOT NULL THEN 'saml'
               WHEN ${TableName.OidcConfig}."orgId" IS NOT NULL THEN 'oidc'
               ELSE ''
diff --git a/backend/src/services/secret-folder/secret-folder-dal.ts b/backend/src/services/secret-folder/secret-folder-dal.ts
index c03d4ffc0..e136c5a50 100644
--- a/backend/src/services/secret-folder/secret-folder-dal.ts
+++ b/backend/src/services/secret-folder/secret-folder-dal.ts
@@ -7,14 +7,16 @@ import { groupBy, removeTrailingSlash } from "@app/lib/fn";
 import { ormify, selectAllTableCols } from "@app/lib/knex";
 import { OrderByDirection } from "@app/lib/types";
 import { isValidSecretPath } from "@app/lib/validator";
+import { CharacterType, characterValidator } from "@app/lib/validator/validate-string";
 import { SecretsOrderBy } from "@app/services/secret/secret-types";
 
 import { TFindFoldersDeepByParentIdsDTO } from "./secret-folder-types";
 
-export const validateFolderName = (folderName: string) => {
-  const validNameRegex = /^[a-zA-Z0-9-_]+$/;
-  return validNameRegex.test(folderName);
-};
+export const validateFolderName = characterValidator([
+  CharacterType.AlphaNumeric,
+  CharacterType.Hyphen,
+  CharacterType.Underscore
+]);
 
 const sqlFindMultipleFolderByEnvPathQuery = (db: Knex, query: Array<{ envId: string; secretPath: string }>) => {
   // this is removing an trailing slash like /folder1/folder2/ -> /folder1/folder2
@@ -188,9 +190,9 @@ const sqlFindSecretPathByFolderId = (db: Knex, projectId: string, folderIds: str
                 // the root folder check is used to avoid last / and also root name in folders
                 depth: db.raw("parent.depth + 1"),
                 path: db.raw(
-                  `CONCAT( CASE 
-                  WHEN  ${TableName.SecretFolder}."parentId" is NULL THEN '' 
-                  ELSE  CONCAT('/', secret_folders.name) 
+                  `CONCAT( CASE
+                  WHEN  ${TableName.SecretFolder}."parentId" is NULL THEN ''
+                  ELSE  CONCAT('/', secret_folders.name)
                 END, parent.path )`
                 ),
                 child: db.raw("COALESCE(parent.child, parent.id)"),
@@ -464,7 +466,7 @@ export const secretFolderDALFactory = (db: TDbClient) => {
                   db.raw("parents.depth + 1 as depth"),
                   db.raw(
                     `CONCAT(
-                        CASE WHEN parents.path = '/' THEN '' ELSE parents.path END, 
+                        CASE WHEN parents.path = '/' THEN '' ELSE parents.path END,
                         CASE WHEN  ${TableName.SecretFolder}."parentId" is NULL THEN '' ELSE CONCAT('/', secret_folders.name) END
                     )`
                   ),
diff --git a/backend/src/services/secret-sync/aws-parameter-store/aws-parameter-store-sync-schemas.ts b/backend/src/services/secret-sync/aws-parameter-store/aws-parameter-store-sync-schemas.ts
index 44296c306..324b78130 100644
--- a/backend/src/services/secret-sync/aws-parameter-store/aws-parameter-store-sync-schemas.ts
+++ b/backend/src/services/secret-sync/aws-parameter-store/aws-parameter-store-sync-schemas.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { z } from "zod";
 
 import { SecretSyncs } from "@app/lib/api-docs";
+import { CharacterType, characterValidator } from "@app/lib/validator/validate-string";
 import { AppConnection, AWSRegion } from "@app/services/app-connection/app-connection-enums";
 import { SecretSync } from "@app/services/secret-sync/secret-sync-enums";
 import {
@@ -10,6 +11,25 @@ import {
 } from "@app/services/secret-sync/secret-sync-schemas";
 import { TSyncOptionsConfig } from "@app/services/secret-sync/secret-sync-types";
 
+const tagFieldCharacterValidator = characterValidator([
+  CharacterType.AlphaNumeric,
+  CharacterType.Spaces,
+  CharacterType.Period,
+  CharacterType.Underscore,
+  CharacterType.Colon,
+  CharacterType.ForwardSlash,
+  CharacterType.Equals,
+  CharacterType.Plus,
+  CharacterType.Hyphen,
+  CharacterType.At
+]);
+
+const pathCharacterValidator = characterValidator([
+  CharacterType.AlphaNumeric,
+  CharacterType.Underscore,
+  CharacterType.Hyphen
+]);
+
 const AwsParameterStoreSyncDestinationConfigSchema = z.object({
   region: z.nativeEnum(AWSRegion).describe(SecretSyncs.DESTINATION_CONFIG.AWS_PARAMETER_STORE.region),
   path: z
@@ -17,35 +37,54 @@ const AwsParameterStoreSyncDestinationConfigSchema = z.object({
     .trim()
     .min(1, "Parameter Store Path required")
     .max(2048, "Cannot exceed 2048 characters")
-    .regex(/^\/([/]|(([\w-]+\/)+))?$/, 'Invalid path - must follow "/example/path/" format')
+    .refine(
+      (val) =>
+        val.startsWith("/") &&
+        val.endsWith("/") &&
+        val
+          .split("/")
+          .filter(Boolean)
+          .every((el) => pathCharacterValidator(el)),
+      'Invalid path - must follow "/example/path/" format'
+    )
     .describe(SecretSyncs.DESTINATION_CONFIG.AWS_PARAMETER_STORE.path)
 });
 
 const AwsParameterStoreSyncOptionsSchema = z.object({
   keyId: z
     .string()
-    .regex(/^([a-zA-Z0-9:/_-]+)$/, "Invalid KMS Key ID")
     .min(1, "Invalid KMS Key ID")
     .max(256, "Invalid KMS Key ID")
+    .refine(
+      (val) =>
+        characterValidator([
+          CharacterType.AlphaNumeric,
+          CharacterType.Colon,
+          CharacterType.ForwardSlash,
+          CharacterType.Underscore,
+          CharacterType.Hyphen
+        ])(val),
+      "Invalid KMS Key ID"
+    )
     .optional()
     .describe(SecretSyncs.ADDITIONAL_SYNC_OPTIONS.AWS_PARAMETER_STORE.keyId),
   tags: z
     .object({
       key: z
         .string()
-        .regex(
-          /^([\p{L}\p{Z}\p{N}_.:/=+\-@]*)$/u,
-          "Invalid resource tag key: keys can only contain Unicode letters, digits, white space and any of the following: _.:/=+@-"
-        )
         .min(1, "Resource tag key required")
-        .max(128, "Resource tag key cannot exceed 128 characters"),
+        .max(128, "Resource tag key cannot exceed 128 characters")
+        .refine(
+          (val) => tagFieldCharacterValidator(val),
+          "Invalid resource tag key: keys can only contain Unicode letters, digits, white space and any of the following: _.:/=+@-"
+        ),
       value: z
         .string()
-        .regex(
-          /^([\p{L}\p{Z}\p{N}_.:/=+\-@]*)$/u,
+        .max(256, "Resource tag value cannot exceed 256 characters")
+        .refine(
+          (val) => tagFieldCharacterValidator(val),
           "Invalid resource tag value: tag values can only contain Unicode letters, digits, white space and any of the following: _.:/=+@-"
         )
-        .max(256, "Resource tag value cannot exceed 256 characters")
     })
     .array()
     .max(50)
diff --git a/backend/src/services/secret-sync/aws-secrets-manager/aws-secrets-manager-sync-schemas.ts b/backend/src/services/secret-sync/aws-secrets-manager/aws-secrets-manager-sync-schemas.ts
index 5e8ce2bad..e80964721 100644
--- a/backend/src/services/secret-sync/aws-secrets-manager/aws-secrets-manager-sync-schemas.ts
+++ b/backend/src/services/secret-sync/aws-secrets-manager/aws-secrets-manager-sync-schemas.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { z } from "zod";
 
 import { SecretSyncs } from "@app/lib/api-docs";
+import { CharacterType, characterValidator } from "@app/lib/validator/validate-string";
 import { AppConnection, AWSRegion } from "@app/services/app-connection/app-connection-enums";
 import { AwsSecretsManagerSyncMappingBehavior } from "@app/services/secret-sync/aws-secrets-manager/aws-secrets-manager-sync-enums";
 import { SecretSync } from "@app/services/secret-sync/secret-sync-enums";
@@ -24,12 +25,23 @@ const AwsSecretsManagerSyncDestinationConfigSchema = z
         .describe(SecretSyncs.DESTINATION_CONFIG.AWS_SECRETS_MANAGER.mappingBehavior),
       secretName: z
         .string()
-        .regex(
-          /^[a-zA-Z0-9/_+=.@-]+$/,
-          "Secret name must contain only alphanumeric characters and the characters /_+=.@-"
-        )
+
         .min(1, "Secret name is required")
         .max(256, "Secret name cannot exceed 256 characters")
+        .refine(
+          (val) =>
+            characterValidator([
+              CharacterType.AlphaNumeric,
+              CharacterType.ForwardSlash,
+              CharacterType.Underscore,
+              CharacterType.Plus,
+              CharacterType.Equals,
+              CharacterType.Period,
+              CharacterType.At,
+              CharacterType.Hyphen
+            ])(val),
+          "Secret name must contain only alphanumeric characters and the characters /_+=.@-"
+        )
         .describe(SecretSyncs.DESTINATION_CONFIG.AWS_SECRETS_MANAGER.secretName)
     })
   ])
@@ -39,31 +51,54 @@ const AwsSecretsManagerSyncDestinationConfigSchema = z
     })
   );
 
+const tagFieldCharacterValidator = characterValidator([
+  CharacterType.AlphaNumeric,
+  CharacterType.Spaces,
+  CharacterType.Period,
+  CharacterType.Underscore,
+  CharacterType.Colon,
+  CharacterType.ForwardSlash,
+  CharacterType.Equals,
+  CharacterType.Plus,
+  CharacterType.Hyphen,
+  CharacterType.At
+]);
+
 const AwsSecretsManagerSyncOptionsSchema = z.object({
   keyId: z
     .string()
-    .regex(/^([a-zA-Z0-9:/_-]+)$/, "Invalid KMS Key ID")
     .min(1, "Invalid KMS Key ID")
     .max(256, "Invalid KMS Key ID")
+    .refine(
+      (val) =>
+        characterValidator([
+          CharacterType.AlphaNumeric,
+          CharacterType.Colon,
+          CharacterType.ForwardSlash,
+          CharacterType.Underscore,
+          CharacterType.Hyphen
+        ])(val),
+      "Invalid KMS Key ID"
+    )
     .optional()
     .describe(SecretSyncs.ADDITIONAL_SYNC_OPTIONS.AWS_SECRETS_MANAGER.keyId),
   tags: z
     .object({
       key: z
         .string()
-        .regex(
-          /^([\p{L}\p{Z}\p{N}_.:/=+\-@]*)$/u,
-          "Invalid tag key: keys can only contain Unicode letters, digits, white space and any of the following: _.:/=+@-"
-        )
         .min(1, "Tag key required")
-        .max(128, "Tag key cannot exceed 128 characters"),
+        .max(128, "Tag key cannot exceed 128 characters")
+        .refine(
+          (val) => tagFieldCharacterValidator(val),
+          "Invalid resource tag key: keys can only contain Unicode letters, digits, white space and any of the following: _.:/=+@-"
+        ),
       value: z
         .string()
-        .regex(
-          /^([\p{L}\p{Z}\p{N}_.:/=+\-@]*)$/u,
-          "Invalid tag value: tag values can only contain Unicode letters, digits, white space and any of the following: _.:/=+@-"
-        )
         .max(256, "Tag value cannot exceed 256 characters")
+        .refine(
+          (val) => tagFieldCharacterValidator(val),
+          "Invalid resource tag value: tag values can only contain Unicode letters, digits, white space and any of the following: _.:/=+@-"
+        )
     })
     .array()
     .max(50)
diff --git a/backend/src/services/secret-sync/azure-key-vault/azure-key-vault-sync-fns.ts b/backend/src/services/secret-sync/azure-key-vault/azure-key-vault-sync-fns.ts
index b50d78bb2..12f1f2aff 100644
--- a/backend/src/services/secret-sync/azure-key-vault/azure-key-vault-sync-fns.ts
+++ b/backend/src/services/secret-sync/azure-key-vault/azure-key-vault-sync-fns.ts
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ export const azureKeyVaultSyncFactory = ({ kmsService, appConnectionDAL }: TAzur
     const deleteSecrets: string[] = [];
 
     Object.keys(secretMap).forEach((infisicalKey) => {
-      const hyphenatedKey = infisicalKey.replace(/_/g, "-");
+      const hyphenatedKey = infisicalKey.replaceAll("_", "-");
       if (!(hyphenatedKey in vaultSecrets)) {
         // case: secret has been created
         setSecrets.push({
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ export const azureKeyVaultSyncFactory = ({ kmsService, appConnectionDAL }: TAzur
     });
 
     Object.keys(vaultSecrets).forEach((key) => {
-      const underscoredKey = key.replace(/-/g, "_");
+      const underscoredKey = key.replaceAll("-", "_");
       if (!(underscoredKey in secretMap)) {
         deleteSecrets.push(key);
       }
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ export const azureKeyVaultSyncFactory = ({ kmsService, appConnectionDAL }: TAzur
     );
 
     for await (const [key] of Object.entries(vaultSecrets)) {
-      const underscoredKey = key.replace(/-/g, "_");
+      const underscoredKey = key.replaceAll("-", "_");
 
       if (underscoredKey in secretMap) {
         if (!disabledAzureKeyVaultSecretKeys.includes(underscoredKey)) {
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ export const azureKeyVaultSyncFactory = ({ kmsService, appConnectionDAL }: TAzur
 
     Object.keys(vaultSecrets).forEach((key) => {
       if (!disabledAzureKeyVaultSecretKeys.includes(key)) {
-        const underscoredKey = key.replace(/-/g, "_");
+        const underscoredKey = key.replaceAll("-", "_");
         secretMap[underscoredKey] = {
           value: vaultSecrets[key].value
         };
diff --git a/backend/src/services/secret-v2-bridge/secret-v2-bridge-fns.ts b/backend/src/services/secret-v2-bridge/secret-v2-bridge-fns.ts
index 0abf02aaa..b2fe923aa 100644
--- a/backend/src/services/secret-v2-bridge/secret-v2-bridge-fns.ts
+++ b/backend/src/services/secret-v2-bridge/secret-v2-bridge-fns.ts
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ export const recursivelyGetSecretPaths = async ({
 const formatMultiValueEnv = (val?: string) => {
   if (!val) return "";
   if (!val.match("\n")) return val;
-  return `"${val.replace(/\n/g, "\\n")}"`;
+  return `"${val.replaceAll("\n", "\\n")}"`;
 };
 
 type TSecretReferenceTraceNode = {
diff --git a/backend/src/services/secret/secret-fns.ts b/backend/src/services/secret/secret-fns.ts
index aa8cec2bc..2574dc13e 100644
--- a/backend/src/services/secret/secret-fns.ts
+++ b/backend/src/services/secret/secret-fns.ts
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ export const recursivelyGetSecretPaths = ({
 const formatMultiValueEnv = (val?: string) => {
   if (!val) return "";
   if (!val.match("\n")) return val;
-  return `"${val.replace(/\n/g, "\\n")}"`;
+  return `"${val.replaceAll("\n", "\\n")}"`;
 };
 
 type TInterpolateSecretArg = {
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ type TInterpolateSecretArg = {
 };
 
 const MAX_SECRET_REFERENCE_DEPTH = 5;
-const INTERPOLATION_SYNTAX_REG = /\${([^}]+)}/g;
+const INTERPOLATION_SYNTAX_REG = /\${([a-zA-Z0-9-_.]+)}/g;
 export const interpolateSecrets = ({ projectId, secretEncKey, secretDAL, folderDAL }: TInterpolateSecretArg) => {
   const secretCache: Record<string, Record<string, string>> = {};
   const getCacheUniqueKey = (environment: string, secretPath: string) => `${environment}-${secretPath}`;
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/cert-manager/CertificatesPage/components/CertificatesTab/components/CertificateTemplateModal.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/cert-manager/CertificatesPage/components/CertificatesTab/components/CertificateTemplateModal.tsx
index 28faa5970..475c15b20 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/cert-manager/CertificatesPage/components/CertificatesTab/components/CertificateTemplateModal.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/cert-manager/CertificatesPage/components/CertificatesTab/components/CertificateTemplateModal.tsx
@@ -40,15 +40,7 @@ import {
 import { CertExtendedKeyUsage, CertKeyUsage } from "@app/hooks/api/certificates/enums";
 import { UsePopUpState } from "@app/hooks/usePopUp";
 
-const validateTemplateRegexField = z
-  .string()
-  .trim()
-  .min(1)
-  .max(100)
-  .regex(/^[a-zA-Z0-9 *@\-\\.\\]+$/, {
-    message:
-      "Invalid pattern: only alphanumeric characters, spaces, *, ., @, -, and \\ are allowed."
-  });
+const validateTemplateRegexField = z.string().trim().min(1).max(100);
 
 const schema = z.object({
   caId: z.string(),
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/ssh/SshCaByIDPage/components/SshCertificateTemplateModal.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/ssh/SshCaByIDPage/components/SshCertificateTemplateModal.tsx
index b193ae257..15a8d8c78 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/ssh/SshCaByIDPage/components/SshCertificateTemplateModal.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/ssh/SshCaByIDPage/components/SshCertificateTemplateModal.tsx
@@ -26,21 +26,6 @@ import {
 } from "@app/hooks/api";
 import { UsePopUpState } from "@app/hooks/usePopUp";
 
-// Validates usernames or wildcard (*)
-export const isValidUserPattern = (value: string): boolean => {
-  // Matches valid Linux usernames or a wildcard (*)
-  const userRegex = /^(?:\*|[a-z_][a-z0-9_-]{0,31})$/;
-  return userRegex.test(value);
-};
-
-// Validates hostnames, wildcard domains, or IP addresses
-export const isValidHostPattern = (value: string): boolean => {
-  // Matches FQDNs, wildcard domains (*.example.com), IPv4, and IPv6 addresses
-  const hostRegex =
-    /^(?:\*|\*\.[a-z0-9-]+(?:\.[a-z0-9-]+)*|[a-z0-9-]+(?:\.[a-z0-9-]+)*|\d{1,3}(\.\d{1,3}){3}|([a-fA-F0-9:]+:+)+[a-fA-F0-9]+(?:%[a-zA-Z0-9]+)?)$/;
-  return hostRegex.test(value);
-};
-
 const schema = z
   .object({
     sshCaId: z.string(),
@@ -69,28 +54,8 @@ const schema = z
         "Max TTL must be a valid time string such as 2 days, 1d, 2h 1y, ..."
       )
       .default("30d"),
-    allowedUsers: z.string().refine(
-      (val) => {
-        const trimmed = val.trim();
-        if (trimmed === "") return true;
-        const users = trimmed.split(",").map((u) => u.trim());
-        return users.every(isValidUserPattern);
-      },
-      {
-        message: "Invalid user pattern in allowedUsers"
-      }
-    ),
-    allowedHosts: z.string().refine(
-      (val) => {
-        const trimmed = val.trim();
-        if (trimmed === "") return true;
-        const users = trimmed.split(",").map((u) => u.trim());
-        return users.every(isValidHostPattern);
-      },
-      {
-        message: "Invalid host pattern in allowedHosts"
-      }
-    ),
+    allowedUsers: z.string(),
+    allowedHosts: z.string(),
     allowUserCertificates: z.boolean().optional().default(false),
     allowHostCertificates: z.boolean().optional().default(false),
     allowCustomKeyIds: z.boolean().optional().default(false)